Developmental Milestone

Developmental milestones are expected behaviors or skills a child achieves during maturation, categorized into five domains: gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive, and social-emotional and behavioral covering physical growth, cognitive development, emotional and social development, language development, and sensory and motor development. It also incorporates normal expectations of developmental milestones and information about possible maltreatment effects. It’s advisable to act fast and identify the warning signs of developmental delays as normal development ranges from birth to five years of age.

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Milestone for 2 Months

At two months, a baby explores their hands and fingers. They grasp things with open hands as they are yet to learning how to let go of objects. They could even clasp their hands together. Babies learn how to hold hands and coordinate their motions.

When infants are placed on their stomachs, they should be able to raise their heads 45 degrees. They should be able to tilt their heads to the side and look around besides moving their arms and legs. If they don't reach developmental milestones or have unique healthcare needs, parents should seek proper developmental screening.

Movement Milestones:
  1. A baby has a 45-degree head tilt.
  2. When they sit, they keep their heads straight.
  3. Babies support their weight on their forearms and elbows.
  4. They can follow things.
  5. Babies may look for a sound source.
  6. They have facial recognition
  7. Babbling and squealing are sounds that infants at this age make.
  8. They can smile at random and get irritable when bored.
Signs of cognitive development milestone:

When a two-month-old looks carefully at a face, maintains sustained eye contact, and recognizes faces even from a distance, it is a sign of cognitive growth. Their memory improves dramatically, especially when they are around their parents. Finding the sound's source becomes easier when hearing and brain activities are more coordinated. The babies spin their heads to look for the source of the sound, such as a moving rattle, someone clapping, or a talkative individual. A newborn's mind can provoke many vocalizations to represent different emotions, such as when the infant cries for food or they dirty themselves.

Smell and Touch Milestones:
  1. Babies get used to different smells.
  2. They avoid acidic or harsh odors.
  3. Babies like pleasant scents.
  4. They prefer smooth feelings to rough ones.
  5. Babies dislike harsh or abrupt touches.
  6. They find strong aromas overpowering.
  7. A strong smell interferes with their taste sense
  8. Heavily scented products cover their natural smell
  1. Maintain a straight head while sitting up with assistance: it can be achieved by holding the baby's neck.
  2. Raise head 45 degrees to show strength: Neck muscles allow for this movement.
  3. Pull upwards on the stomach: Shoulder joints and muscles help.
  4. Follows moving things: Eyes track with coordinated movements of the eyes and neck.
  5. Controls leg muscles: Enhances voluntary muscle control and motor skills, which causes rapid motions in the legs.
  6. Certain instinctive responses in newborns disappear through regular muscle control. For example, the palm-holding reaction disappears after two months because the baby learns to utilize a tightened fist.
  7. Enhanced color perception and eye coordination: Enhanced color perception, eye muscle coordination when tracking slowly moving objects from a distance span, and greater attention to detail are all instances.
  8. Sensitive to high-pitched sounds and voices: Reacts to high-pitched sounds, voices, and familiar noises.
  1. Grins at others: The most important social growth milestone is when babies smile and giggle quietly.
  2. Gulps and coos: Meaningless and incoherent answers lay the groundwork for future meaningful talks and the improvement of communication abilities.
  3. Practices silence: When babies cry, they try to self-soothe by putting their hands to their mouths and sucking their thumbs.
  4. Boredom and fussiness: This is a common sign that they are losing interest in the activity or item they are currently playing with.
Milestone for 4 Months

Babies at 4 months grow socially and move purposefully. They enjoy babbling, cooing, playing, and mimicking sounds and movements. They demonstrate good head control, upright chest, foot kicks, and pushes, by evenly rolling from tummy to back.

Parents notice that their baby’s cries sound different as they learn to communicate hunger, frustration, discomfort, and sleepiness. There are some ways they learn and change at this stage. They advance in sight, language, hearing, and cognitive development, mimicking words and cries, with their growth influenced by individual needs.

Movement Milestones:
  1. Babies hold their heads steady without support when embraced
  2. They move steadily without support when hugged
  3. Babies hold a toy when it is in their possession
  4. They pull up onto their elbows or forearms when on their tummy
  5. Babies use their arms to swing at toys
  6. They bring hands to mouth
  7. Babies push down on their legs when their feet are on a firm surface
  8. They might be able to roll over on their backs
Signs of cognitive development milestone:

Four-month-old babies can follow and concentrate on faces and objects as they move side to side, observing others and observing objects in motion. They show understanding of behaviors and behaviors, displaying a satisfied expression and broad smile. They engage in thinking, learning, and problem-solving, making ten or more object counts. They also recognize faces, engage in conversation, and can name at least four colors accurately. They demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility and understanding of their environment. Parents can develop them cognitively by reading books, singing songs, and reciting nursery rhymes with them. This gives them a variety of opportunities to learn.

Smell and Touch Milestones:
  1. Babies' sense of touch develops early in the womb
  2. Parents practice intimate contact with their premature infants
  3. As babies learn to play, move, feed, and form bonds with their parents, touch changes
  4. They always grip their parents' fingers due to their instinct to grab
  5. Babies' taste preferences change during their first year as sweet flavors become more popular
  6. During 4 months, parents introduce rice cereal or single-grain cereal
  7. Parents should see a doctor before babies eat solid food
  8. When babies' tongue thrust sense is absent or reduced, they push food out of their mouths
  9. They have sound head and neck control and can sit up with assistance to consume solid food
  10. Babies who cry and reach for food are ready to try a wide range of foods
  1. Babies maintain head stability independently
  2. They snatch toys and rattle them, putting their hands in their mouths
  3. Babies crush against their legs when putting their feet on a hard surface
  4. They bury their elbows when on the stomach
  5. Babies rock back and forth and roll from stomach to back
  1. Babies grin impulsively, especially at others
  2. They display enthusiasm by extending their arms and legs
  3. When reassured, babies mostly calm down and quit sobbing
  4. They like to act out smiles and frowns while playing with others
Milestone for 6 Months

Taking care of their 6-month-old, parents should prepare by keeping any sharp, breakable, or electric objects out of the child's grasp, locking closets containing harmful materials or liquids, placing them in a secure location well out of the child's reach, and shutting windows.

Babies display their emotions through sounds at 6 months old. They might imitate others by making babble sounds or saying "da-da", "ma-ma," etc. Babies soon begin crawling, recognizing familiar faces, and reaching for toys. As a result, parents should start making their house ready and themselves for active, fiddling, meddling youngsters.

Movement Milestones:
  1. Babies begin to sit without support.
  2. They roll in both directions.
  3. Babies reach for their toys by rolling over
  4. Most babies can roll over at 6 months
  5. Parents need to be very careful about keeping hold of babies.
  6. Babies start pushing themselves up into a crawling position
  7. They rock back and forth on their hands and knees.
  8. Babies at this age can support their weight, turn and rotate their heads
Signs of cognitive development milestone:

Babies under six months explore the world using their mouths and hands. They enjoy staring at themselves in the mirror and scanning their surroundings when they gaze at things close to them by grabbing things within their reach. Babies become curious. They put their hands to their mouths and shift objects from one hand to another. They watch others attentively as they move, and follow faces and objects as they move side-by-side. They look at a toy for a few seconds, concentrate on their vision, reach out, explore, and absorb information about their surroundings.

Smell and Touch Milestones:
  1. When introduced to solid food babies use taste and smell to decide if they like it.
  2. They may respond by grinning, waving, or making noises.
  3. Parents should consult a pediatrician before introducing foods.
  4. They should gradually introduce it when ready.
  5. Parents need to foster self-sufficiency by allowing babies to feed themselves.
  6. They need to introduce naturally digestible, prepared, pureed, or soft foods.
  7. Babies should begin by consuming naturally digested solid food items.
  8. Babies' extremely sensitive skin allows them to detect pain, and temperature variations through their touch sense.
  9. When noises are introduced, babies' sense of touch improves, allowing them to appreciate touch-based toys and grasp objects with both hands.
  1. When upright, babies hold their weight on both legs
  2. They may even start to bounce
  3. Babies roll over in both directions
  4. They crawl backward before moving ahead
  5. Babies rock back and forth on their hands and knees
  1. Babies can determine familiar and unfamiliar faces
  2. They enjoy playing with others, especially family
  3. Babies like to look at themselves in the mirror
  4. They respond to other’s emotions and often seem happy
  5. Babies make sounds to express happiness or displeasure

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